The Obligation to Let a Subject Respond
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Before publishing a claim that reflects poorly on a specific, identifiable person, offering them a genuine opportunity to respond is a basic fairness standard that protects both the subject and the ultimate accuracy of the finished piece currently being carefully prepared for its eventual publication.
This is not the same as granting a veto over the story, the writer retains final editorial judgement, but it does mean the subject's response, or their considered decision not to respond, becomes part of the record the finished piece can honestly and fairly draw upon later.
Skipping this step to avoid a difficult conversation, or to prevent a subject from complicating a tidy narrative, undermines the fairness the whole craft depends on to remain credible with its readers over time. Even when a subject declines to respond, documenting that the opportunity was genuinely offered protects the piece from a later, entirely fair accusation that the writer never actually tried to reach them at all.